Abstract Objective In this systematic review (SR), the authors aimed to identify the possible impact of the social restriction imposed by the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic on children/adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Data sources This SR was registered on PROSPERO CRD42021255569. Eligible articles were selected from PubMed, Embase, and LILACS, according to the following characteristics: ADHD patients < 18 years old, exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the outcomes, medications, relationships, sleep, media use, remote learning, and comorbidities such as depression/sadness, inattention, anxiety, and irritability/aggressiveness. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies was used to assess methodological quality and the risk of bias. Summary of findings Of the 222 articles identified, 27 were included, with information on 7,235 patients. Most studies (n = 22) were cross-sectional and received a mean NOS 4.63/10 followed by longitudinal (n = 4) with 3.75/8 points and case-control (n = 1), with 3/9 points. The pandemic affected patients’ access to treatment, behavior, and sleep. Difficulties in remote learning and increased use of social media were described, as well as significant and positive changes in relationships with family and peers. Conclusion Although the studies were heterogeneous, they indicated that the pandemic-related issues experienced by patients with ADHD were mostly manifested affecting their behavior and sleep patterns.

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the prevalence of internet gaming disorder (IGD) symptoms in a sample of Brazilian adults, and its association with personality, psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial measures. Methods We evaluated 219 adults online recruited using questionnaires and psychometric scales. We evaluated the behavior and pattern of internet games using the Game Addiction Scale (GAS). We tested the association of the previous measures with the GAS scores by spearman correlations and multiple regression analysis. Results Of our sample, 74% played games online. We found correlations between IGD symptoms and most symptoms of mental disorders, with small or moderate effect sizes, as well as correlations with the personality traits of agreeableness (r = -0.272; p < 0.001), conscientiousness (r = - 0.314; p < 0.001), and neuroticism (r = 0.299; p < 0.001). Additionally, we found a negative association with psychosocial outcomes such as quality of life (r = -0.339; p < 0.001) and life satisfaction (r = - 0.202; p < 0.003). The multivariate model included the personality traits of conscientiousness and agreeableness and symptoms of dissociation and somatization as predictors. The prevalence of IGD was 9% in those who played online games. Conclusion IGD is correlated with different areas of the individual’s life, such as personality, quality of life, and several common symptoms of mental disorders. The prevalence can be considered high among players (9%). Conscientiousness, agreeability, somatic symptoms, and dissociative symptoms were associated with the symptoms of IGD.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a prevalência de sintomas do transtorno do jogo pela internet (TJI) em uma amostra de adultos brasileiros e sua associação com personalidade, sintomas psiquiátricos e medidas psicossociais. Métodos Avaliamos 219 adultos recrutados on-line por meio de questionários e escalas psicométricas. Avaliamos o comportamento e o padrão dos jogos na internet usando a Game Addiction Scale (GAS). Testamos a associação das medidas anteriores com as pontuações na GAS por meio de correlações de Spearman e análise de regressão múltipla. Resultados De nossa amostra, 74% jogavam jogos on-line. Encontramos correlações entre sintomas do TJI e a maioria dos sintomas de transtornos mentais, com tamanhos de efeito pequenos ou moderados, bem como correlações com os traços de personalidade de amabilidade (r = -0,272; p < 0,001), conscienciosidade (r = - 0,314; p < 0,001) e neuroticismo (r = 0,299; p < 0,001). Além disso, encontramos uma associação negativa com resultados psicossociais, como qualidade de vida (r = -0,339; p < 0,001) e satisfação com a vida (r = - 0,202; p < 0,003). O modelo multivariado incluiu os traços de personalidade de conscienciosidade e amabilidade e sintomas de dissociação e somatização como preditores. A prevalência de TJI foi de 9% entre os que jogavam jogos on-line. Conclusão O TJI está correlacionado com diferentes áreas da vida do indivíduo, como personalidade, qualidade de vida e vários sintomas comuns de transtornos mentais. A prevalência pode ser considerada alta entre os jogadores (9%). Conscienciosidade, amabilidade, sintomas somáticos e sintomas dissociativos estavam associados aos sintomas do TJI.

HIGHLIGHTS Low genetic similarity in Paspalum notatum accessions. High genetic distance among diploid accessions. The accessions have good potential to breeding program.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a efetividade da estratégia mHealth sobre marcadores do consumo de sódio. Métodos Estudo de intervenção realizado com 175 adultos (20-59 anos), vinculados a uma instituição de ensino de Vitória, no Estado do Espirito Santo. Os participantes foram contatados por através da exposição a de um pôster, de abordagem oral e mídia eletrônica. Dados antropométricos, hemodinâmicos, socioeconômicos, de saúde e práticas alimentares foram coletados em dois momentos. Os participantes foram randomizados em dois grupos: Grupo de Intervenção e Grupo de Controle. Durante a intervenção, que durou três meses, os participantes receberam 21 mensagens eletrônicas e assistiram a três vídeos sobre alimentação saudável, com foco na redução do consumo de sódio. Mudanças foram avaliadas por Equação de Estimativa Generalizada e adoção de valor de p<0,05. Resultados Na linha de base, não foram observadas diferenças significativas em relação às variáveis antropométricas, socioeconômicas, de saúde e práticas alimentares entre os grupos. Caldo pronto foi o condimento industrializado mais utilizado pelos participantes durante o estudo. Foi observada uma redução do uso de caldo pronto apenas no Grupo de Intervenção (β=0,615; p=0,016). Além disso, 73% do Gruo de Intervenção relataram que as mensagens foram claras; 67% afirmaram que as mensagens foram úteis e 48% disseram que seguiram as orientações. Conclusão Foi observada uma redução da frequência do uso de caldo pronto, demonstrando potencial da estratégia m-Health sobre marcadores do consumo de sódio em participantes sem diagnóstico de hipertensão.

ABSTRACT Objective Evaluate the effectiveness of mHealth strategy on sodium consumption markers. Methods Intervention study carried out with 175 adults (20-59 years), from an educational institution of Vitória, Espírito Santo State. Participants were made aware through posters, oral approach and electronic media. Anthropometric, hemodynamic, socioeconomic, health, and dietary practices data was collected in two stages. After the first assessment, participants were randomized into two groups: Intervention Group and Control Group. The Intervention Group included 21 electronic messages and 3 videos on healthy eating focusing on the goal to reduce sodium intake for 3 months. Behavioral changes were assessed using the Generalized Estimation Equation (p-value <0.05). Results At baseline, no significant differences in socioeconomic, anthropometric and health variables, and eating practices between groups were observed. The stock broth cube was the most used ready processed seasoning. After the intervention, a reduction in the use of stock broth was observed only in the intervention group (β=0.615; p=0.016). In addition, 73% of the intervention group participants reported that the messages were clear, 67% reported that they were useful, and 48% stated they followed the guidelines. Conclusion There was a reduction in the frequency of use of stock broth cubes, demonstrating the potential effect of the m-Health strategy on sodium consumption markers in individuals without a hypertension medical diagnosis.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Evaluation of sodium and potassium intake can be carried out using different methods. Biological markers are able to capture intra and inter-individual variability and are used as separate measurements of consumption. The aim of this study was to test the validity of a single measurement of urinary sodium and potassium excretion as representative of habitual intake. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal study, federal university. METHODS: Food consumption data from a sample of adult university students and public servants (25 to 74 years old) were collected through 24-hour records and 12-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion at five different times over a one-year period. The dietary data were entered into a nutritional research data software system and the sodium and potassium intakes were estimated. The variables were tested for normal distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. One-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate means. Correlations between measurements using Pearson or Spearman coefficients were calculated. The degree of agreement between the five measurements was given by the intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Satisfactory agreement was found between the five measurements of urinary sodium and potassium excretion over a year, with little variability in consumption. CONCLUSION: A single measurement of urinary sodium and potassium accurately estimated the usual average consumption of these electrolytes. This can be used in population-based studies.